The Rebound Effect For The Disabled Dancer - 2210 Words

The Rebound Effect For The Disabled Dancer While Rebound is essential to an day to day life, a rebound can happen anytime, during a performance or just by being sick and getting up the next day perfectly fine. Dancers have a step called rebound and it helps them push energy out their bodies to move fluidly to another spot in the space. I have also discovered I had a rebound effect in life due to Crohn s Disease and I had a major surgery and came back four months later dancing. As a human being you think of life as being very delicate but at the same time doing everything you can to live life to the fullest. So my idea came from a place of healing and recovery sense. This past year has been very challenging since being diagnosed with Crohn’s. And very difficult to find myself back in effect, of dancing everyday, but now I feel like I am really having a rebound effect. I decide then this paper could be a way to open up and find some sources to deal with my rebound and to know that I am not alone in this situation. Fir st I wanted to know the definition of a rebound in all different ways medical and the dance definition. As dancers every moment is special because anything can happen and stop our dancing career. That s why in life a rebound is bound to happen at least once in our lifetime, so let’s talk a little about the word rebound. When you think about the word Rebound your mind goes straight to the definition in aShow MoreRelatedSadie Hawkins Day and Valentine Grams18321 Words   |  74 Pagesvalentine grams for friends just to show a little love. â€Å"I bought a rose for my friend because she told me she wanted one,† said senior Leann Nguyen. However, a slight drop in sales this year compared to previous years was noted and may be a possible effect of our country’s recent economic struggles, observed Shian. â€Å"Last year, we sold 50 grams. But I don’t think the number of sales exceeded that of last year’s,† said Shian on Chinese Club’s sale s status. Even then, the Valentine gram sales succeeded

The Four Functions Of A Manager - 1279 Words

Final Project The four functions of a manager are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These are key elements that managers must understand to run a successful organization. I will view each concept as well as their roles to acknowledge how these functions have been related to my personal experience in the work environment. Behind the scenes of a manager, they spend an equal amount of time planning so that he or she can successfully achieve the leading and controlling functions. These functions are standard for any industry that is striving to maintain a strong organization. While reviewing this paper, try to think of the four functions as a method that is established to build on each other. The four functions must be performed efficiently, and when done correctly, an organization will reap the accomplishments from a well-defined plan. My own experiences of how the four functions operate illustrates that each role requires a manager to devote time and patience in order t o ensure that the main principles are achieved. Planning Bateman and Snell (2013) define planning as, â€Å"Specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals† (p. 5). My past manager had a hard time planning daily tasks. She would make suggestions, but never followed through with the proposals. When I was an employee under her leadership I was lost at the beginning because of her lack of planning and efficiency within this function.Show MoreRelatedThe Four Functions Of A Manager1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe four functions of a manager are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These are key elements that managers must understand to run a successful organization. I will view each concept as well as their roles to acknowledge how these functions have been related to my personal experience in the work environment. Behind the scenes of a manager, they spend an equal amount of time planning so that he or she can successfully achieve the leading and controlling fun ctions. These functions areRead MoreMgt 330 Functions of Management Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesFour Functions of Management Tayshia Forrest MGT 330 May 15, 2011 Didier S.D. Opotowsky University of Phoenix Abstract: The objective of this paper is to explain and define the four functions of management, which are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The paper will also explain how these four functions are incorporated in the fast food franchise of Hardees and Carl Jr. restaurants. Discussed are different ways the restaurant managers practice these functions for their employeesRead MoreRoles and Function of Health Care991 Words   |  4 Pagesand Function of Health Care Mangers Shelly Williams Hughes HCS/325- health Care Management Shawn Matheson February 18, 2013 Introduction In the new health care work place everybody must respond and adapt to rapid changes in sociality, science as well as the shifting need of today’s patient(). These changes have also changed the role of health care managers. The four major functions of health care managers are organizing, planning, controlling and leading. How these functions areRead More Management Functions Essays1155 Words   |  5 Pagesworld managers follow certain rules that help them be better at their job and also contribute to the success of the business. The functions of management are established to help managers see the business operations with more clarity and understanding. This report will look at the four functions planning, organizing, directing and controlling. In business managers are divided into three parts: top-level, middle managers and first-level managers. Each level of management uses the four functions of managementRead MoreImproving Management Styles1097 Words   |  5 PagesManag ement Styles and Their Function In the article When the Problem is Management, author Lawrence Sawyer takes a look at the different styles that managers have in their practice, how they can better perform their functions and how they relate to the four basic functions of management. As an internal auditor, Mr. Sawyer provides some insight to these managers in helping them and their departments make better use of the tools they have and points out what basic function they are violating. ThisRead MoreThe Four Functions of Management946 Words   |  4 PagesThere are four functions of management that allow any organization to handle the tactical, planned and set decisions. The four basic functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The four basic functions of management are just to have a controlled plan over the preventive measure. The functions of management define the process of management as diverse from accounting, finance, marketing, and other business functions. These function s provide a useful way of classifyingRead More4 Four Functions of Management1180 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Four Functions Rosa L. Flores University of Phoenix Management: Theory, Practice, and Application/ Mgt 330 Kennett Baca December 20, 2008 Management Four Functions This paper will define the four basic functions of management; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. This paper will also describe how these were applied in my worksplace. Management definitively has more functions than just the four mentioned above. The four that will be discussed in this paper are the four basicRead More Improving Management Styles Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesStyles and Their Function nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the article When the Problem is Management, author Lawrence Sawyer takes a look at the different styles that managers have in their practice, how they can better perform their functions and how they relate to the four basic functions of management. As an internal auditor, Mr. Sawyer provides some insight to these managers in helping them and their departments make better use of the tools they have and points out what basic function they are violatingRead MoreFunctions Of Management As A Management Student969 Words   |  4 PagesAs a management student, we all know that there are four functions of manager which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Effective managers definitely know how those four functions are used to achieve organization’s success. We can understand it basically is managers must first plan, then organize according to the plan, lead others to work by following the plan, and finally evaluate the effectiveness of the pl an. Management is a process where each steps are built from the others. In

New Vaccines for Ebola Treatment Essay with Free Samples

Question: Write an essay on New Vaccines for Ebola Treatment? Answer: Introduction The pursuit for finding a way to prevent and treat the Ebola virus infection is in full swing. The dreadful Ebola virus is the reason of the mortality of more than 10,000 people in three West African nations (Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone) (Martnez-Romero Garca-Sastre, 2015). The recent Ebola virus outbreak in West African countries is unheard-of, (since its first occurrence in 1976), causing large number of cases and mortalities than all the earlier reported cases in combined. During the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, the examination of patient outcomes confirmed 74% fatality rate (Schieffelin et al., 2014). This epidemic situation is however, revolving in and around the West African population, but the Ebola virus infection can also be a risk to healthy populations in different parts of the world, by inadvertent introduction of the diseased individuals from the endemic regions in the non infected population. The complete meta-analysis of the data provided by the WHO on the pas t 20 Ebola virus outbreaks including the recent one, showed an approximate case-fatality rate of 65.4% (Lefebvre et al., 2014). Although, the numbers of disease cases are going down in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, still new cases are emerging every day in the West Africa and rest of the world, thus we can assume that the goal of complete eradication of Ebola virus infection is yet to be achieved. Understanding the clinical course of Ebola virus infection It is of crucial importance to know the specific molecular properties of Ebola virus pathogenesis, so that these aspects of viral pathogenesis can be used to develop effective drug therapy, against Ebola virus. The treatment of Ebola disease before 2014 largely included supportive care with antipyretics and rehydration therapy (Dixon Schafer, 2014). The Ebola virus belongs to the Filoviridae family and is further categorized on the basis of their difference in the number, sequence and location of overlapping gene and their virulence, into 5 different species: the Bundibugyo, Reston agents, Sudan, Ta Forest, and Zaire (Baize, 2015; Sanchez et al., 2007). Ebola virus is a single stranded RNA based, non segmented virus which has been linked with frequent occurrences of serious hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates (Feldmann Geisbert, 2011). The entrance of the Ebola virus into the host cells is believed to be facilitated by the spikes of the glycoprotein envelope (Hunt et al., 2 012). Mostly, the mucosal route, skin injuries and direct parental transmission are the main pathways of Ebola virus infection in human beings (Hofmann-Winkler Hofmann-Winkler et al., 2012) as confirmed from the biopsy reports of the skin samples and bodily fluids (Goeijenbier et al., 2014; Mahanty Bray, 2004). Investigations of animal subjects and patients have shown that the widespread infection and replication of Ebola virus in the infected cells takes place very efficiently and it reflects its ability to neutralize the decisive innate immune responses by the interferon molecules (Wong et al., 2014). A large number of organ system and physiological functions such as pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hepatic, genitourinary tract, endocrine, immunity responses and central nervous system, are directly affected by the Ebola virus infection due to its extensive propagation and these abnormalities are directly observed in patients (Bah et al., 2015; Connor et al., 2015; Davis et al., 1997;Dixon Schafer, 2014; Jahrling et al., 1996; Kang McGavern, 2010; Leroy et al., 2001; Martines et al., 2015; McElroy et al., 2014; Paessler Walker, 2013; Schieffelin et al., 2014; Tandon Acharya, 1987; West et al., 2014). Patients suffering from Ebola virus display a wide range of clinical manifestations like headache, high fever, malaise, nausea, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhoea, bleeding, hypotension etc. (Baize et al., 2014; West et al., 2014). Additionally, the chief ailments due to Ebola virus infection are associated with gastrointestinal abnormalities, like diarrhoea, vomiting, electrolytic imbalance s etc. Significant loss of gastrointestinal fluids may cause hypovolemic shock and organ failure, which can be avoided by careful patient monitoring so as to avoid renal failure and cardiovascular collapse. However, patients may also show signs of sepsis or may require mechanical ventilation to reduce the risk of respiratory failure (Kreuels et al., 2014). Vaccines and other management strategies for Ebola virus infection Currently, there are no vaccines licensed for use in human beings against Ebola virus infection. Clinical studies of several potential candidate vaccines are at its maximal pace and it is expected that by the advent of 2016, an effective and safe vaccination will be developed. Till now, about 15 vaccines are being developed and two of which (VSB-EBOV and ChAd3-ZEBOV) are being subjected to clinical testing. VSV-EBOV (Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Ebola Virus vaccine) is an investigational preparation, a replication-fit recombinant vaccine, developed by the Merck and New Link Genetics, USA in association with the Public Health group, Canada. The vesicular stomatitis virus has been genetically manipulated to display Ebola like features, so the immune system gets activated against Ebola virus (Andrea et al., 2011). The other vaccine, ChAd3-ZEBOV or the cAd3-EBO Z, is a trial jab for two Ebola strains (Ebola and Sudan virus), generated by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and Glaxo Smith Kline. In this, the adenovirus type 3 (ChAd3) derived from chimpanzee, are genetically modified engineered to show properties of Ebola virus to stimulate the immunity against Ebola virus. As of now, clinical trials of both these vaccines are ongoing. The results of Phase I studies of these two vaccines were available in January and both showed positive results of being safe and well tolerated in humans. Although, some mild to moderate side effects like fever, arthritis, pain etc. were exhibited by VSV-EBOV (Martnez-Romero Garca-Sastre, 2015). Presently, Phase II/III of clinical trials are in progress in Guinea and Sierra Leone for VSV-EBOV and the data from these two studies will be assessed by the Data Safety Monitoring Board which will determine whether the vaccine is effective or not. Additionally, Johnson Johnson has also developed a two dose vaccination strategy, which involved two different vaccines (Ad26-EBOV and MVA-EBOV). The phase I of this combination is complete and results of succeeding phases is awaited. Many other organizations are also working to develop an effective and safe vaccine candidate against Ebola virus like the unconventional vesicular stomatitis virus candidate by Profectus Biosciences, an oral adenovirus proposal by Vaxart, a DNA based approach by Inovia, another recombinant protein candidate by Protein Sciences, and a modified rabies vaccine by Jefferson University. A novel vaccine candidate has just completed its initial human testing in China. Another US based biotech company, Novavax, has also developed a vaccine against Ebola based on Guinea 2014 strain of Ebola virus and the Phase I of the trial has been completed in Australia. Health Ministry, Russia is also working to develop an influenza recombinant vaccine for Ebola virus, and the Phase I trial has been started in the mid 2015. Pharmaceutical companies are also devoted to boost their production capacity in case if the vaccine shows the desired safety and efficacy to fulfil the demand of finished product. There are other medicines that were considered for treatment against Ebola virus infection. These potential candidates have been tested by the Science and Technical Advisory Committee on Emergency Ebola Interventions of the WHO. Some of them are either currently being tested in Ebola endemic settings or have already been employed in treating Ebola infection. Among the various treatments for Ebola virus infection, the leading candidates for human trials include are: convalescent plasma, which is being isolated from an Ebola patients, as it possess the antibodies against Ebola virus; favipiravir, which is an antiviral compound presently licensed for influenza; the experimental drug brincidofovir, which was originally made against infections from cytomegalovirus and adenovirus. It has demonstrated to halt the reproduction of Ebola virus replication in-vitro and; the ZMapp, which is a mixture of three different monoclonal antibodies which specifically targets the glycoprotein envelope of the Ebola virus; some of them have shown promising results in animal models while other are being tried to some Ebola patients on a considerate basis. Some of the therapeutic options and their description in treatment of Ebola infection are given in the table. Drug Phase Company Details TKM100802 (siRNA) II Tekmira, Canada It involves a small sequence of RNA that breaks RNA of Ebola virus in cells thus preventing its replication. Successful in treating monkeys. Although, the clinical trial was stopped as the trial end points were met. MIL77 I MabWorks, China A concoction of three monoclonal antibodies (same as in Zmapp). Equally effective in monkeys like Zmapp. Clinical trials is about to begin in China. BCX4430 I Biocryst, USA Broad spectrum nucleoside analogue. Ongoing Phase I safety trial. Trial will continue only after satisfactory data from Phase I studies Interferons II Used for treatment of multiple sclerosis and Hepatitis-B, -C. Clinical trials were started in Guinea, but there is chance of exacerbation of symptom. Therefore, the patients recruitment on the basis of recent symptom onset. Amiodarone Observational For treatment of cardiac dysrhythmia. It was found to reduce case mortality ratio in Sierra Leone. Although, this drug is no longer used. Atorvostatin + Irbesartan +/ Clomiphene Used to treat hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and infertility, respectively. In fact, used in Sierra Leone, but, official confirmation of their use and the clinical data was never available. FX06 Peptide for use in treating vascular leakage. Empathetically given to only two patients. No conclusions. Zmab Investigational monoclonal antibody with no arrangements for large scale production. Administered to some patients as other drugs were not available, on a considerate basis. Amodiaquine Antimalarial drug when given to all the patients, the case fatality ratio were reduced. The cause is still unknown. Conclusion The recent Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa was a devastating emergency which led to the deaths of a large number people. Organizations at both national and global level have learnt a lesson in controlling this disease from turning into an epidemic, that they need a multidirectional policy that involves better disease surveillance, its fast and easy diagnosis, and availability of safe and effective therapeutic options. It was realized that the health care providers working in the infected area must be well equipped with effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools so win this battle. A number of therapeutic agents are now under evaluation on both pre-clinical and clinical levels in hopes to acquire a potential cure for Ebola. It is expected that an efficient and safe therapy will materialize from the screening of a vast group of agents undergoing trials against Ebola virus infection. They may be agents like favipiravir, brincidofovir, BCX-4430, TKM-100802 etc. or the convalescent whole blood or plasma therapy and specific monoclonal antibodies. The entire international social order, under the guidance of the WHO and other organization of public/private partnership, is directed to find a potent cure for Ebola so that any future outbreak can be contained efficiently. References Bah, EI, Lamah, MC, Fletcher, T, et al. (2015) Clinical presentation of patients with Ebola Virus Disease in Conakry, Guinea. New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (1). p. 407. Baize, S, Pannetier, D, Oestereich, L, et al. (2014) Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus disease in Guinea. New England Journal of Medicine. 371. p. 141825. Baize, S. (2015) Ebola virus in West Africa: New conquered territories and new risks or how I learned to stop worrying and (not) love Ebola virus. Current Opinion on Virology. 10. p. 706. Connor, Jr. MJ, Kraft, C, Mehta, AK, et al. (2015) Successful delivery of RRT in Ebola Virus Disease. Journal of American Society of Nephrology. 26 (1). p. 317. Davis, KJ, Anderson, AO, Geisbert, TW, et al. (1997) Pathology of experimental Ebola virus infection in African green monkeys. Involvement of fibroblastic reticular cells. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. 121. p. 80519. Dixon, MG, Schafer, IJ. (2014) Ebola viral disease outbreakWest Africa, 2014. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports. 63. p. 54851. Feldmann, H, Geisbert, TW. (2011) Ebola haemorrhagic fever. Lancet. 377. p. 84962. Goeijenbier, M, van Kampen, JJ, Reusken, CB, et al. (2014) Ebola virus disease: a review on epidemiology, symptoms, treatment and pathogenesis. Netherlands Journal of Medicine. 72. p. 442448. Hofmann-Winkler, H, Kaup, F, Pohlmann, S. (2012). Host cell factors in  lovirus entry: novel players, new insights. Viruses.4. p. 33363362. Hunt, CL, Lennemann, NJ, Maury, W. (2012) Filovirus entry: a novelty in the viral fusion world. Viruses. 4. p. 25875. Jahrling, PB, Geisbert, TW, Jaax, NK, et al., (1996) Experimental infection of cynomolgus macaques with Ebola-Reston filoviruses from the 19891990 U.S. epizootic. Archives of Virology. 11. p. 11534. Kang, SS, McGavern, DB. (2010) Microbial induction of vascular pathology in the CNS. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. 5. p. 37086. Kreuels, B, Wichmann, D, Emmerich, P, et al. (2014) A case of severe ebola virus infection complicated by gram-negative septicemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (25). p. 2394401. Lefebvre, A, Fiet, C, Belpois-Duchamp, C, et al. (2014) Case fatality rates of Ebola virus diseases: a meta-analysis of World Health Organization data. Mdecine et Maladies Infectieuses. 44. p. 4126. Leroy, EM, Baize, S, Debre, P, et al. (2001) Early immune responses accompanying human asymptomatic Ebola infections. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 124. p. 45360. Mahanty, S, Bray, M. (2004) Pathogenesis of  loviral haemorrhagic fevers. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 4. p. 487498. Martines, RB, Ng, DL, Greer, PW, et al., (2015) Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg Viruses. Journal of Pathology. 235 (2). p. 15374. Martnez-Romero, C, Garca-Sastre, A. (2015) Against the clock towards new Ebola virus therapies. Virus Research. 209. p. 410. Marzi, A, Ebihara, H, Callison, J, et al. (2011) Vesicular Stomatitis VirusBased Ebola Vaccines with improved cross-protective efficacy. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 204 (3). p. S1066S1074. McElroy, AK, Erickson, BR, Flietstra TD, et al. (2014) Biomarker correlates of survival in pediatric patients with ebola virus disease. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (10). p. 168390. Paessler, S, Walker, DH. (2013) Pathogenesis of the viral hemorrhagic fevers. Annual Review of Pathology. 8. p. 41140. Sanchez, A, Wagoner, KE, Rollin, PE. (2007) Sequence-based human leukocyte antigen-B typing of patients infected with Ebola virus in Uganda in 2000: Identi cation of alleles associated with fatal and nonfatal disease outcomes. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 196 (2). p. S32936. Schieffelin, JS, Shaffer, JG, Goba A, et al. (2014) Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone. New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (22). p. 2092100. Tandon, BN, Acharya, SK. (1987) Viral diseases involving the liver. Baillieres Clinical Gastroenterology. 1. p. 21130. West, TE, von Saint Andre-von Arnim A. (2014) Clinical presentation and management of severe Ebola Virus disease. Annals of American Thoracic Society. 11 (9). p. 134150. Wong, G, Kobinger, GP, Qiu, X. (2014).. Characterization of host immune responses in Ebola virus infections. Expert Reviews of Clinical Immunology. 10. p. 781790.